How To Write Better Essays

How To Write Better Essays They don’t have the time â€" People don’t know just how packed a college schedule is, especially for a student who is studying full-time and working at the same time. Exam periods are particularly ruthless and between going to class, reading, studying, writing, and working, there is simply no time for a kid to do them all. It’s understandable that one may seek help from time to time, and that is exactly what the aim of custom writing services is. This was the first time I ordered content from this writing service and I’m very satisfied with its quality! Can't believe the traffic I am getting thanks to you. A step-by-step approach to master the art of essay writing. then it is clear that a balanced essay is required. It should include a few general statements about the subject to provide a background to your essay and to attract the reader's attention. It should try to explain why you are writing the essay. It may include a definition of terms in the context of the essay, etc. It should also include a statement of the specific subdivisions of the topic and/or indication of how the topic is going to be tackled in order to specifically address the question. There should be no new material included in the conclusion; new material needs to be placed in your body paragraphs. You should not repeat the assessment requirements or the marking criteria in your conclusion. An essay explores a topic and reaches a conclusion. It needs to contain a central argument which is your answer to the question or topic. The argument must be based on reliable evidence and be supported throughout your essay. You need to go beyond just describing and summarising, you must critically analyse the topic. An essay is basically a piece of writing composed of a coherent set of ideas related to a particular topic. This provides excellent tips to support students structure, organise and develop their academic writing. Students can use the suggestions to effectively upskill their drafts. Importantly, students can use the text to target specific areas for development and engage with useful examples. This book is very valuable for any student intending to write an academic essay. It is well structured, provides ample examples, has valuable advice and tips, and is easy to navigate. This practical guide is an absolute must for everybody wanting â€" or needing â€" to brush up on their essay writing skills and boost their grades. This simple guide provides you with proven approaches and techniques to help turn you into a well-oiled, essay writing machine. Originality is something we value very much at Boom Essays, and something we can absolutely guarantee, no matter what assignment we are writing. While other similar companies engage in plagiarism and other such dishonest and illegal practices, we always provide 100% original work, and every single paper is started from scratch. You won’t have the surprise of finding a classmate with the same essay; we can assure you. A guide on writing essays including a brief summary of content, structure, and style. In the conclusion you need to summarise the main points and ideas that you presented in your essay. You should draw conclusions from what you have discussed and include a restatement of your thesis statement . While writing an essay is a subjective exercise, you need to have background information to support your arguments. This helps in convincing your readers about the point that you are pushing for. Unless you are a truly good writer, your best and enthusiastic writing will be about activities that actually took place. Write a composition about your lifestyle that shows your character. This is important because if your grammar is poor, it will be hard for your essay to be understood. The purpose of writing an essay is to analyse a given subject and form an opinion on it. The examiners tend to evaluate your essay on the basis of its structure, grammar, clarity and development of ideas. Essay writing forms a crucial part of various competitive exams. You need to adopt the right technique to ace the art of essay writing. This article intends to provide a step-by-step approach of writing a good essay.

Writing A Descriptive Essay

Writing A Descriptive Essay Millicent Tai hopes to one day become a full-time teacher and is currently studying a Bachelor of Education and Bachelor of Science at UNSW. She enjoys tutoring students at Art of Smart in English and Maths and has loved reading and writing for as long as she can remember. In her spare time, you can find her avidly reading Christian biographies or fishing in Animal Crossing. No, this information is confidential, and no one can see it, not even your writer. In case you are not comfortable having some personal data on your account, we can delete it at your request. If you are provided an essay with a specified word limit, make sure to follow it. Usually, in competitive exams, the essay topics come with a word limit restriction. Ideally, 10-15% more words than the specified minimum length are acceptable and act in your favor. Hence, try to maintain this word limit standard in your writing. In an academic or technical essay, you might also create your diagram ideas in the outline If necessary. A rough hierarchical sketch of your points also might be helpful to structure your essay. A conclusion is an overall summary of the topic along with a brief summary of what has been discussed. One needs to understand the motive of an essay carefully in order to lay a good impression on the reader with the essay. Essay writing skills are an important asset that helps in conveying one’s thoughts and opinions in a terse manner to the readers. Thus, one needs to keep improving our skills by reading, analyzing and communicating consistently. This article covers sufficient details about an essay. The article has provided you with the necessary understanding of how to structure an essay. It is mandatory for every essay to have a conclusion. The conclusion mainly contains topic sentence rephrased in a concluding manner. Hence, it is an indicator of how a person thinks and also about the vocabulary that the person holds. It also helps in identifying the person’s ability to express thoughts in a crisp and clear manner. The collaboration continues after you receive the essay, too. If you need any revisions, explain how the writer failed to meet your expectations and what you’d like them to improve. Don’t let writing companies trick you that you’re getting the best quality only when you’re ready to pay a lot. Ideally, a coherent essay would contain connecting words in almost every sentence. For instance, “However”, “In addition to”, “Firstly”, “Secondly”, “Henceforth”. The connecting words help in giving the reader an experience which allows the information to flow into the brain. Hence, the reader never loses the link to what is being read. It also covered the necessary tips to make the essay more effective. In addition to that, the article acts as a guideline for improving your essay writing skills. This is an important factor to get reader’s attention. A coherent essay is an essay which contains well-linked sentences and paragraphs. This is followed by a brief summary of the topic discussed. This is another sort of an analytical essay where the writer needs to first identify the problems that might come up in an event or a situation and suggest solutions to it. For instance â€" “Replacing the laborers with Robots in an industry â€" Identify the challenges and suggest solutions to make the implementation easy”. Recently, essays have become popular in various competitive exams including banking and other exams to judge the applicant’s thought process. An essay involves brainstorming on a given topic. Also known as analytical, a critical essay is about evaluating somebody’s work (a movie, a book, an article, etc.) and proving that your evaluation is correct. Adding your own ideas and opinions makes your essay more interesting, so brainstorm and think about what you already know about your topic. Write your argument in one sentence at the top of the page â€" you'll flesh this out into your introduction. A good essay plan helps you arrange your ideas logically and stay on track during the writing process. To conclude, one can say that essay writing is a skill that is mastered gradually. The company can set lower prices if it can provide a regular workflow to its writers. You are given access to your essay writer online and are able to make direct contact.

Examples Of Great Introductory Paragraphs

Examples Of Great Introductory Paragraphs While your essay plan should see you through, there's nothing to say that more ideas won't occur to you as you go along. Create a mini-outline in your introduction so you signpost exactly what it is you're planning to argue. Don't worry too much about making it sound amazing at this point â€" just get stuck into introducing your argument and telling the reader how you'll support it. You can go back and make yourself sound smarter later on when you're at the editing stage. For those who are looking for a basic rough idea, this is helpful. I only need to write 250 words and you don’t have how many pages that is on your list. If you are given a writing assignment with a page number, the best thing to do is go directly to the person who made the assignment and ask for a word count. Do you know what fonts have the widest spacing so that they fill up the page more quickly? I need to find a wide font so I don’t have to write as many words to fill up the pages on my assignment. If you can send me in the direction of the best wide font to do this, that would be great. Depending on the genre of book you are writing, word count can be critical in whether or not your writing can actually be published. Publishers like certain genres to be within certain word counts, so any author who hopes to be published has to create their works within these counts. What am I supposed to do if I write 1000 words, but it doesn’t make the number of pages I want? I don’t think I should have to write more words just because mine happen to be shorter than my classmates. We both wrote the same number of words, his are just longer so it takes up more pages. That means people who write long words have an advantage even though long words aren’t always good to use. Just because an estimate won’t be exactly right doesn’t mean it isn’t useful. I have a writing assignment in school, and it is always helpful to know how many pages I will need. I think that since teachers don’t give page assignments but only word count assignments, it’s difficult to imagine how many pages that will be. I write longer words than most, so most of my pages have less words than the estimates on this page. You should change them so they are more accurate for people who use longer vocabulary words. This will take away all the variations and help ensure your writing assignment meets expectations. If it’s for something informal and you simply need a general guideline, you can find it below. Just written out my plan for my essay on the political implications of the Italian Renaissance- Really don't want to start but I have a plan now and feel more motivated. Finally, ensure that all the points you wanted to explore are on paper and explained fully. Pick out a single point in your argument that you feel hasn't been fully built upon, and head back to your research. There will almost certainly be an additional quote or two that you could throw in to make your point even clearer. Use the research you gathered earlier to support the key ideas you set out in your outline, but don't ramble for the sake of it. Try to be concise and have faith that the strength of your arguments will take you to around 2,500 words. Some of us get marked down points if we do not hit a certain word count or page count. If I’m assigned a paper and it has to be a minimum number of words, I worry about hitting that number. Aye how many words do I have to put if I’m typing a 14 page essay. I agree that there are a lot of people who are overly concerned with word count, but there are legitimate reasons to keep it in mind as well. If it’s not something important to you and your writing, you can ignore it. Make things wordier in order to hit your word limit. However long you're taking, you should still check that your essay flows nicely. But, as we touched on earlier, not everyone can get their ideas written down and do it eloquently all in one go. If this is you, then take this time to refine what you've produced and make sure it gets full marks for written communication. We've allowed 3 hours and 45 minutes for editing your essay, which might sound a bit excessive â€" and, for some of you, it definitely will be.

Essay Topics

Essay Topics We use a specially designed plagiarism detection system that runs the completed paper through a database of other academic papers and exposes even the slightest signs of plagiarism. You'll pay your writer only if you like the result. This part consists of multiple paragraphs that connect in a logical order. Body paragraphs aim to justify your stance in the essay. Our dedicated writing experts will do their best to have a satisfaction rate. For that reason, the refund requests tend to appear quite rarely, which is partly due to our solid refund guarantee. Every refund request that we receive from our customers is reviewed by our online specialists, as well as considered within the shortest possible period of time. Need a properly researched, written according to all your requirements and plagiarism-free paper? It is always a good idea to start your essay with a quote or anecdote. Also, make sure that it is relevant to the topic. The first paragraph of the essay holds great significance. Special care should be taken to assure that one paragraph follows the other in a proper order. The basic goal of an introductory paragraph is to clarify the purpose of essay to the reader. We understand that students may be afraid of ordering online assignments due to the risks of being revealed. Neither third-parties nor your professor will know that we wrote your essay. Beyond that, we guarantee non-disclosure of all your personal data once you contact us or register with us. It doesn’t matter what kind of problems you may face, since the money back guarantee will protect your interests. You need to pay special attention to the introductory paragraph of your essay. The title of the essay should reflect the essence and content of the essay. Coherent organization is one of the most important characteristics of a good essay. You may decide to write a summary of each theory you have been discussing, or a short description of the historical or contemporary events you've been studying. Focus on clarity, conciseness, and understanding the differences between the theories. The conclusion is the sum-up of all the points that you elaborate in the main body of the essay. It is not just a summary of your ideas but also reflects your final perspective on the given topic. Cody Rhodes is a learning specialist at essayzoo.org, he designs and delivers learning initiatives for a global and internal audience. He is responsible for on-going development, delivery and maintenance of training. He has the ability to manage competing priorities to execute on time-sensitive deliverables within a changing environment. Each supporting paragraph should support your thesis statement.Each paragraph should have reasons, evidence and examples that support the point you are making in that paragraph. Having excellent research skills, avoiding plagiarism, and making your essay stand out from the rest of the students in your class are key things you need to know. Writing good essays is one of the most challenging aspects of studying in the social sciences. You can also use a quote or phrase to name your essay. In case you are unable to think of a suitable title, do it after writing the essay. Keep yourself updated and informed on latest issues and topics of national importance. Having a sound knowledge of various issues will help you justify your ideas in an essay. You need to inculcate a habit of diverse reading in order to widen your knowledge base.

Essay Topics

Essay Topics We use a specially designed plagiarism detection system that runs the completed paper through a database of other academic papers and exposes even the slightest signs of plagiarism. You'll pay your writer only if you like the result. This part consists of multiple paragraphs that connect in a logical order. Body paragraphs aim to justify your stance in the essay. Our dedicated writing experts will do their best to have a satisfaction rate. For that reason, the refund requests tend to appear quite rarely, which is partly due to our solid refund guarantee. Every refund request that we receive from our customers is reviewed by our online specialists, as well as considered within the shortest possible period of time. Need a properly researched, written according to all your requirements and plagiarism-free paper? It is always a good idea to start your essay with a quote or anecdote. Also, make sure that it is relevant to the topic. The first paragraph of the essay holds great significance. Special care should be taken to assure that one paragraph follows the other in a proper order. The basic goal of an introductory paragraph is to clarify the purpose of essay to the reader. We understand that students may be afraid of ordering online assignments due to the risks of being revealed. Neither third-parties nor your professor will know that we wrote your essay. Beyond that, we guarantee non-disclosure of all your personal data once you contact us or register with us. It doesn’t matter what kind of problems you may face, since the money back guarantee will protect your interests. You need to pay special attention to the introductory paragraph of your essay. The title of the essay should reflect the essence and content of the essay. Coherent organization is one of the most important characteristics of a good essay. You may decide to write a summary of each theory you have been discussing, or a short description of the historical or contemporary events you've been studying. Focus on clarity, conciseness, and understanding the differences between the theories. The conclusion is the sum-up of all the points that you elaborate in the main body of the essay. It is not just a summary of your ideas but also reflects your final perspective on the given topic. Cody Rhodes is a learning specialist at essayzoo.org, he designs and delivers learning initiatives for a global and internal audience. He is responsible for on-going development, delivery and maintenance of training. He has the ability to manage competing priorities to execute on time-sensitive deliverables within a changing environment. Each supporting paragraph should support your thesis statement.Each paragraph should have reasons, evidence and examples that support the point you are making in that paragraph. Having excellent research skills, avoiding plagiarism, and making your essay stand out from the rest of the students in your class are key things you need to know. Writing good essays is one of the most challenging aspects of studying in the social sciences. You can also use a quote or phrase to name your essay. In case you are unable to think of a suitable title, do it after writing the essay. Keep yourself updated and informed on latest issues and topics of national importance. Having a sound knowledge of various issues will help you justify your ideas in an essay. You need to inculcate a habit of diverse reading in order to widen your knowledge base.

Essay Structure

Essay Structure You must limit your entire essay to the topic you have introduced in your thesis statement. For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for a conclusion. Once you’ve got two nice, safe ideas down on paper, you should be in a position to think of something a bit less conventional. When you’re at school, your teacher might be marking your essay alongside those of twenty other people . If you follow the basic structure below, you will be able to build effective paragraphs and so make the main body of your essay deliver on what you say it will do in your introduction. When these paragraphs are put together with appropriate links, there is a logical flow that takes the reader naturally to your essay's conclusion. The main body of your essay is where you deliver your argument. By assigning a word count, teachers get a more accurate length of essay than they would if they assigned homework by pages. However, if you're blessed with the ability to write immaculately and at speed, you may not need this long to edit your essay. If so, allow yourself a little more time after dinner to finish writing your essay. A passionate essay writer always wants to add multiple arguments in his/her essay. Don’t stop to allow yourself to think about it; just write. The third idea is also about letting yourself think a little more out of the box. The writer must build a case using facts and logic, as well as examples, expert opinion, and sound reasoning. The writer should present all sides of the argument, but must be able to communicate clearly and without equivocation why a certain position is correct. A cousin of the narrative essay, a descriptive essay paints a picture with words. But in a short essay, you have to control yourself. Only put useful arguments and weed out irrelevant ones. Professors often ask students to write reading reflections. They do this to encourage you to explore your own ideas about a text, to express your opinion rather than summarize the opinions of others. Reflective writing can help you to improve your analytical skills because it requires you to express what you think, and more significantly, how and why you think that way. While like an expository essay in its presentation of facts, the goal of the persuasive essay is to convince the reader to accept the writer’s point of view or recommendation. Its building blocks are well structured, academic paragraphs. Each paragraph is in itself a smaller argument and when put together they should form a clear narrative that leads the reader to the inevitability of your conclusion. The reason that teachers don’t assign a number of pages anymore is because it’s too easy to manipulate pages. When students used to write on typewriters, it was common for teachers to assign essays in number of pages. With the adoption of computers in the classroom, teachers switched from pages to work count because it was too easy for the computers to manipulate the font size and page size. A writer might describe a person, place, object, or even memory of special significance. However, this type of essay is not description for description’s sake. The descriptive essay strives to communicate a deeper meaning through the description. In a descriptive essay, the writer should show, not tell, through the use of colorful words and sensory details. The best descriptive essays appeal to the reader’s emotions, with a result that is highly evocative. But, be alert, never remove the most convincing points or else your essay will lose its purpose. The first thing before you initiate the writing process is reading. You can underline important information or encircle the main question. In some cases, a two-or-three paragraph conclusion may be appropriate. As with introductions, the length of the conclusion should reflect the length of the essay. You may be the kind of writer who writes an introduction first in order to explore your own thinking on the topic. If so, remember that you may at a later stage need to compress your introduction. Reflection offers you the opportunity to consider how your personal experiences and observations shape your thinking and your acceptance of new ideas.

Why Does HE Get to Rule -Aristotle’s logical fallacies in the marital relation - Literature Essay Samples

Aristotle dedicates the first book of Politics to discuss households, and argues that to study the larger political community of a city-state, we need to first examine households as its building blocks (Politics, 5). The three major household relations Aristotle defines in Politics are master-slave, husband-wife and father-son, and they are all essentially ruler-ruled relations, as Aristotle lists that â€Å"free rules slaves, male rules female, and man rules child† (23). Aristotle believes that the natural inclination to rule or to be ruled is predetermined at birth, and there exists the natural inequality between the ruler and ruled (7). Moreover, Aristotle draws the analogy between domestic relationships and the larger political community because both households and city-states share similar ruler-ruled power dynamics. In the Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle maps different household relations to different constitutions: â€Å"the association of a father with his sons bears th e form of monarchy, ., The association of man and wife seems to be aristocratic,, The association of brothers is like timocracy† (The Nicomachean Ethics, 115). While Aristotle assumes that all three domestic relations share the ruler-ruled power dynamics, examining Aristotle’s logic gap in proving men’s inherent superiority, loopholes in his theory of structure of souls, and his use of metaphors and parables all reveals that Aristotle fails to justify men’s superiority as natural rulers over females. This logical inconsistency in Politics invalidates the analogies between the marital relation and aristocracy/oligarchy in Ethics, ultimately compromising Aristotle’s overall analogy between households and city-states in both works. Aristotle leaves logical gap in his reasoning when trying to argue that men are naturally more suited to rule than women, as he fails to provide explicit explanations for what specific nature makes men superior. After justifying the slave-master relationship by arguing slaves are naturally better at physical labor while the masters are naturally better at deliberative reasoning, Aristotle continues to justify the husband-wife and father-child relations. By arguing that â€Å"For a male, unless he is somehow constituted contrary to nature, is naturally more fitted to lead than a female, and someone older and completely developed is naturally more fitted to lead than someone younger and incompletely developed† (Politics, 21). Here Aristotle arbitrarily asserts that â€Å"nature† makes males better rulers than females. Nevertheless, while the words â€Å"nature† and â€Å"naturally† occur twice in description of marital relation, Aristotle does not explain wh at specific natural characteristic of men makes them superior than women. Compared to the ambiguous assertion in the marital relation, Aristotle explicitly points out that the slaves are naturally ruled because their bodies are stronger, and fathers are natural ruler because they are older and more experienced. Hence Aristotle’s justification for men’s superior status over women is insufficient compared to other two relations. The fact that Aristotle skips the crucial step in reasoning suggests that he is not able to directly justify his assumption of natural inequality in marital relation. Other than the logical gap in his reasoning, Aristotle’s choice of words in describing the structure of souls also reflects the existence of external forces in determining womens and men’s unequal ability to rule, therefore contradicting the assumption of natural inequality. When discussing different structures of souls to further justify the inherent inequality between the ruler and the ruled, Aristotle claims that â€Å"the deliberative part of the soul is entirely missing from a slave; a woman has it but it lacks authority; a child has it but it is incompletely developed† (23). According to Aristotle’s previous arguments about nature, slaves lack the deliberative part of soul because their body is naturally more fitted to labor, and children’s deliberative part is naturally underdeveloped because of their age. However, why women have incomplete deliberative part of the soul remains ambiguous, because it is unclear what the â€Å"authority† refers to and why women lack this authority. â€Å"Authority† is different from â€Å"nature†, as the former is associated with rights or privileges given by the external environment such as social norms and conventions, while the latter is associated with internal characteristics that one is born with. If women need authority to exercise the deliberative part, then the incompleteness of deliberative part of their souls should not be due to nature, but is imposed by external forces. Therefore, Aristotle is unable to contribute the different deliberative powers of male and female solely to nature, as his choice of expression implies the existence of external influences in shaping the structure of souls. Moreover, the metaphor of statesman’s ruling in Aristotle’s description of the marital relationship also conflicts with the overall assumption of natural inequality by implying equal political status between men and women. To distinguish the husband-wife relation and the father-child relation, Aristotle compares the husband-wife relation to the â€Å"rule of a statesman† and father-child relation to â€Å"the rule of a king† (21-22). Aristotle describes the statesman’s rule as the following: â€Å"people take turns at ruling and being ruled, because they tend by nature to be on an equal footing and to differ in nothingâ€Å" (21). Here Aristotle is referring to the Athenian democratic system where aristocratic, male citizens with similar political interests decide by random lots who rules and represents the common interests temporarily. This analogy between men’s ruling over their wives and statesman’s ruling over other citizens is p roblematic because the rule of the statesman assumes the equal social status between the ruler and rest of the citizens, while Aristotle is trying to prove the natural inequality between male and female. Comparing women to citizens also contradicts the existing social conventions in ancient Greek, where women were mostly not considered to be citizens. Moreover, Aristotle concludes that â€Å"male is permanently related to female in this way† (22), which suggests that men’s ruling status is eternally fixed. However, as just defined in the rule of the statesman, citizens take turns to rule and to be ruled. This contradiction between the arbitrary, fixed designation in the rule of male and the fluid, temporary assignment of leadership in the rule of the statesman makes it questionable whether it is truly legitimate to assign men as the permanent rulers. Having recognized this discrepancy in the statesman metaphor suggests that men and women are naturally equal like the st atesmen and his citizens, and the superior political status of men over women should not be permanently fixed. While the statesman metaphor implies the potentially equal political status between male and female, the parable of Amasis and footbath suggests that women and men share the same inherent characters and are therefore inherently equal. When comparing the rule of husband over wife to the rule of the statesman, Aristotle states that while the ruler is equal with the other citizens, he needs to â€Å"distinguish himself in demeanor, title, or rank from the ruled†, just like Amasis and his footbath (22). The parable states that Amasis, who is from humble origin, becomes the king of Egypt. In order to earn respect from Egyptians, he makes his gold footbath into a statue of god to show that inferior status doesn’t mean inferior nature, because the same material could be arbitrarily made into objects with different utilities and receive different levels of respect. Similarly, while the ruler is superior in rank, demeanor and title, he is naturally equal with other citizens, jus t like the nobel statue and humble footbath are both made of gold. Applying this parable to the male-female relationship, though male rules over female, their natural characters are the same while they are shaped differently by social conventions and assigned to unequal social statuses. Moreover, the parable further illuminates why women lack the authority to exercise the deliberative part of the soul: women’s incomplete deliberative power is imposed by external authority, just as the gold is shaped into a lowly footbath by external forces. In both cases the appearances and results are independent of the inherent nature. As a result, while Aristotle claims that natural inequality between the ruler and the ruled exists among all three household relationships, such inequality is untenable in the marital relationship. Aristotle’s difficulty in proving males’ superior nature implies that male and female should have equal political status and intellectual ability. Applying Aristotle’s logical fallacies in Politics to his analogy between households and city-states leads to further contradictions, mainly reflected in his problematic mappings from the rule of man to aristocracy and the rule of women to oligarchy in Ethics. Aristotle defines aristocracy to be the rule of the best, and aristocracy degenerates into oligarchy when the rulers disregard common good and rule by their power and wealth, no longer being the most virtuous. (The Nicomachean Ethics, 155) Therefore the major difference between aristocracy and oligarchy is the virtue and legitimacy of the rulers. Aristotle argues that the rule of men within households resembles aristocracy becauseâ€Å"man rules in accordance with his worth† (155). The underlying assumption here is that men naturally have more virtue and deliberative power to be good rulers, and therefore have the â€Å"worth† to rule, just like the rule of the best in aristocracy. However, acording to previous analysis, Aristotle fails to prove this assumption in Politics, and without this assumption he is unable to conclude that the rule of men is the rule of the best, and therefore his analogy between rule of men and aristocracy is invalid. Similarly, the mapping from the rule of women to oligarchy is also problematic given logical fallacies in marital relation. To illustrate aristocracy’s superiority over oligarchy, Aristotle introduces the situation when women rule in the household. Aristotle argues that â€Å"Sometimes, however, women rule, because they are heiresses; so their rule is not in virtue of excellence but due to wealth and power, as in oligarchies† (155). According to this analogy, when heiresses rule the household, the rule by virtue degenerates into the rule by wealth and power, just like aristocracy degenerates into oligarchy. However, according to previous analysis of the structure of soul, the metaphor of statesman’s rule and the parable of Amasis, women and men possess the same inherent quality and potential to be the ruler. Therefore, it is problematic to compare the rule of women in households to oligarchy and to argue that women rule by power and wealth but not by virtue. As a result, Aristotle’s logical fallacies in proving the natural inequality in the marital relation invalidates the analogies between household relations to aristocracy and oligarchy, which makes his overall comparison between households and city-states an oversimplified framework that overlooks the internal complexity in the elements that he is comparing. In conclusion, understanding the logical inconsistency in the marital relationship in Politics illuminates the gap in Aristotle’s mapping from households to constitutions in Ethics. In his logical reasoning Aristotle arbitrarily asserts the husband’s natural ruling authority in the household, while his choices of words, use of metaphors and parables all imply that the inequality between male and female is not inherent but imposed by external forces. The difficulty to justify the natural inequality between male and female suggests that husband-wife relationship has more complexity than the slave-master and father-child relationships, and it’s problematic for Aristotle to oversimplify their commonalities. However, limited by his times and society, it would also be unlikely for Aristotle to acknowledge the idea of gender equality. While his logical reasoning is taking him away from proving the natural inequality, Aristotle still such inequality and maintains the ana logy between households and city-states. Indeed, using the more familiar and concrete notion of households helps to reveal the internal power dynamics within the relatively abstract city-states, and as Aristotle’s justification of the slave-master and the father-children relation is rigorous and intuitive, readers tend to believe the same rule also applies in the marital relation. However, the danger of using extended analogies and parallels in philosophical reasoning is that the logical fallacy of one element would undermine the overarching argument and whole framework. Therefore, as readers we should be very cautious about the oversimplification of frameworks and analogies in philosophical texts, and always bear in mind to examine the logical consistencies across the author’s arguments. Work Cited Aristotle. Politics. Translated by C D. C. Reeve, Indianapolis, Ind: Hackett Pub, 1998. Print. Aristotle. The Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by W D. Ross, and Lesley Brown, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Print.